New to the profession? I am sure you have quickly discovered that assessment is a fundamental aspect of the educational process. You may not be new, but you find that good assessment is still time-consuming and a critical part of helping students grow. Although many tools are in the assessment toolbox, none are as versatile and powerful as the rubric!
Whether you are a seasoned educator or new to the world of teaching, understanding how to create and effectively use rubrics can significantly enhance your ability to evaluate student work, provide constructive feedback, and foster learning and growth in your classroom.
In this short introductory article, we will examine the concept of rubrics and explore their creation and practical application in various educational settings. By the end of this reading, you will have a solid grasp of how to harness the potential of rubrics to promote student success and streamline your grading process.
What Are Rubrics?
Let us start at the beginning. What exactly are rubrics? A rubric is a systematic scoring guide to evaluate student performance on a particular assignment or task. It provides explicit criteria and performance levels, allowing educators and students to understand the expectations and standards for successfully completing the assignment.
Why Use Rubrics?
Rubrics serve several essential purposes in education:
- Clarity and Transparency: Rubrics make your expectations clear to students. They can focus on meeting those expectations when they know what you are looking for. Students should be provided with scoring rubrics along with the assignment instructions. In doing so, you clearly define your expectations for the assignment. Providing students with clear expectations through rubrics is considered a high-leverage instructional practice.
- Consistency: Rubrics help ensure that grading is fair and consistent. By providing clear criteria, they reduce the risk of subjective grading and favoritism.
- Feedback: Rubrics facilitate constructive feedback. Instead of merely assigning a grade, you can pinpoint areas for improvement, guiding students toward mastery.
- Assessment for Learning: Rubrics can be used formatively to help students self-assess and set goals for improvement. They become partners in their own learning process, which is ultimately what we want – highly engaged and motivated students who want to learn. Encourage students to self-assess their work using the rubric before submitting assignments. Self-assessment promotes metacognition and reflection.
- Time Efficiency: Once you have developed a rubric, grading becomes more efficient. It saves you time while maintaining the quality and consistency of feedback.
How to Create Effective Rubrics?
Designing effective rubrics is a skill that can significantly impact your teaching. Here are some key considerations:
- Clear Criteria: Decide what you want students to know and be able to demonstrate. These become your criteria. Define the criteria and expectations for each level of performance. Ensure they are specific, measurable, and understandable. Try to keep to 3-10 criteria for any one assignment.
- Weighting: Decide the importance of each criterion and assign appropriate weights. Not all criteria are equal; some may be more critical to the overall assessment.
- Levels of Performance: Determine the levels of performance, such as “excellent,” “proficient,” “basic,” and “below basic.” Each level should be clearly described. The recommendation is to have between 3-6 levels of performance. Avoid using overly judgemental terms, like “bad” or “good.”
- Descriptors: Write descriptive statements for each level, illustrating student work at that level. These descriptors help both you and your students understand the standards. I typically fill in the highest-level descriptors first because it is easier for me to describe what I want to see in an exemplary assignment. Then, I create the lowest-level descriptors because I know the lowest level of performance I will accept. Finally, write the descriptors in between. Ensure the descriptor language is measurable and avoid subjective language like “most” or “basic understanding.”
- Feedback Mechanisms: Include space for comments or additional feedback on the rubric, allowing for personalized guidance.
- Test and Evaluate: Despite careful planning, a rubric does not always consistently execute well when measuring student performance. If possible, test the rubric on prior student work samples. If that is not possible, use professional judgment when analyzing the results. For example, if students consistently score poorly on one criterion, that might signal that the criterion should be rewritten. Also, consider letting an instructional designer look at the rubric and provide feedback. In most instances, I have had to revise a rubric before using it again.
Where Can I Find Rubrics?
There are multiple sources of rubrics that have already been created. These can be used as is if they fit the scope of the assignment. Even if you do not find precisely what you are looking for, freely available rubrics often provide a great starting point when creating your own. Consider the following sources:
- Association of American Colleges and Universities VALUE Rubrics
- Carnegie Melon University
- Syracuse University
- University of Illinois Springfield
- Rcampus
Conclusion
Rubrics are versatile tools that enhance your teaching, benefit your students, and streamline your grading process. Embracing them will create a more transparent and fair learning environment while promoting student growth and success. No matter if you are starting on your education journey or you are a seasoned educator, remember that rubrics are powerful tools you can use to make assessment more equitable, transparent, and effective.
References
Chabaan, M. (2019). Best Practices for Designing Effective Rubrics. Teach Online, ASU. https://teachonline.asu.edu/2019/02/best-practices-for-designing-effective-rubrics/.
Larson, M. (2022). How to Design Effective Rubrics. Center for Transformative Teaching. https://teaching.unl.edu/resources/grading-feedback/design-effective-rubrics/.
Marzano. R. (2017). The New Art and Science of Teaching. Solution Tree.
OpenAI. (2023). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/.
Voyager Sopris Learning. (2023, March 21). Creating Effective Rubrics: Examples and Best Practices. https://www.voyagersopris.com/vsl/blog/creating-effective-rubrics